A stroke usually happens very suddenly, and can be life-threatening. You have to act fast to ensure successful treatment and recovery. But how do you recognise the signs of a stroke and respond correctly?
Around 16 000 people in Switzerland suffer a stroke every year. One in four are left unable to lead an independent life. These are worrying numbers. That's why it's important to recognise the signs of a potential stroke and get help as quickly as possible.
How do I recognise a the signs of a stroke?
A stroke usually strikes without warning. Typical signs include:
- Sudden weakness or paralysis, often only on one side of the body
- One corner of the mouth drooping
- Difficulty raising both arms
- Difficulty speaking or understanding: Speech sounds slurred, the person struggles to find words or to understand what others are saying
- Visual disturbances such as sudden blurred vision or loss of part of the field of vision
- Severe dizziness, unsteady gait
- Loss of memory
- Severe, unusual headache
The FAST test: quick guide in an emergency
The FAST test is an easy way to recognise the most important signs:
F (Face): Ask the person to smile – is one corner of their mouth drooping?
A (Arms): Raise both arms – does one arm fall?
S (Speech): Ask the person to repeat a short sentence – does their speech sound strange?
T (Time): Call the emergency services immediately – every minute counts.
Act immediately if you spot these warning signs and call the emergency services (dial 144). Don't wait to see whether the symptoms go away. Even brief, transient symptoms can be a sign of serious disruption to the blood circulation in the brain. Note when the first symptoms appeared and tell the emergency services.
What should you do while waiting for help?
Make sure the person is lying comfortably, preferably with their upper body raised. Loosen any tight clothing. Don't give them anything to eat or drink, as a stroke can often lead to problems swallowing. Family members should stay calm and provide reassurance.
Causes and risk factors
A stroke is usually caused by constricted or blocked blood vessels, and sometimes a brain haemorrhage. The main risk factors include high blood pressure and certain arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation. Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, diabetes and a family history of the condition also increase the risk.
