Sadness, stress, fatigue and irritability are all a part of life. If these kinds of conditions become permanent or interfere with everyday life, they may be indications of mental problems. However, the way that these problems express themselves differs from person to person. 

Women, for example, are statistically more likely to report symptoms such as depression, sleep problems or fatigue. In men, issues are more frequently expressed as irritability, withdrawal or high-risk behaviour. Because these signs don’t always set off alarm bells, mental problems often fly under the radar for longer in men.

Similarly to physical illnesses, mental pressures and conditions can express themselves differently in different people. Gender can also be a factor in this respect. Saying that the differences can be attributed entirely to biological factors would be an oversimplification, however.

Psychological stress is more apparent in women

Conditions within the body, hormones and health risks all play an important role. But mental health is also influenced by social factors. According to the Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH), women are more likely to be affected by sexism and sexual harassment. They also do more unpaid work for their households and families. Together with the influence of societal role models, this can affect how mental problems are experienced, expressed and treated.

In addition, there are societal expectations and prejudices. “There is a prejudice that women are more emotional and less resilient,” says Schmid. Women’s complaints are sometimes perceived and classified differently to those of men. 

At the same time, many women find it easier to put a name to mental problems and seek help. “Women are more frequently socialised to be aware of their feelings, to talk about them, and to avail themselves of support.” This means that mental problems often become apparent earlier.

More than simply a question of gender

Schmid stresses, however, that these differences should be seen as tendencies. “There are big differences within each gender.” Non-binary and trans people can also be exposed to additional pressures. These are often not a result of their gender identity itself, but instead stem from discrimination, social stigmatisation, a lack of acceptance, or barriers when it comes to accessing appropriate healthcare.

Gender is also just one of many factors that influence mental health. Culture, age, education, income, migration, sexual orientation and social security also play an important role. They influence how problems are experienced, perceived and treated.

Mental pressures have many different faces, so it‘s important to look at a person’s individual situation rather than relying on stereotypes.