When temperatures drop, the number of flu cases rises. But how do you know if you've got the flu? Find out what the symptoms are, how it differs from a common cold and how to protect yourself effectively.
Every year, as the cold season sets in, the number of cold and flu viruses circulating in the air increases. The two viruses that cause flu (influenza A and influenza B) in particular come back every year in a slightly different form. They generally spread slowly from around November, and then very rapidly – usually around the Christmas season – until March.
The influenza viruses are either transmitted by droplets, i.e. by coughing or sneezing, or adhere to surfaces indoors and are passed on through direct contact.
Important tips
- Wash your hands regularly and thoroughly
- Cough and sneeze into the crook of your elbow
- Dispose of used tissues in the toilet if possible
- Disinfect your hands regularly
- Wear a face covering if you experience cold symptoms
Typical symptoms
- A sudden, high fever (over 38 °C)
- Shivering
- Feeling very unwell
- Coughing
- A sore throat and pain when swallowing
- Headache and aching limbs
- A runny nose
- Dizziness
- Loss of appetite
High-risk groups
People over the age of 65 and those with chronic diseases can be hit particularly hard. Pregnant women and premature babies also need good protection against flu viruses.
Influenza can lead to hospitalisation in some cases, particularly in high-risk patients. Every year, flu viruses cause several hundred deaths here in Switzerland.
Getting protected with an annual flu vaccination
Particularly for people in high-risk groups, an annual vaccination provides the most effective defence against influenza viruses. The vaccine is adapted each year to ensure optimum protection. Doctors recommend getting vaccinated well in advance.
People who are in close contact with members of high-risk groups should also be vaccinated to protect themselves and others. Vaccination programmes begin in mid-October. November is the ideal month to get the flu vaccine because it takes a while for the body to build up full protection. You'll then stay protected well into March.
How the flu differs from a cold
The flu differs from a cold on account of the sudden, rapid onset of a fever and more severe symptoms. Having the flu can also lead to other complications such as inflammation of the heart muscle, lungs or middle ear. These are caused either by the viruses themselves or by a secondary bacterial infection.
